Indo-China Border Dispute has been long standing problem since 1962 (Sino-Indo war) . Recent chinese incursion into the Doleg-Beg-Oldi sector has become a politically sensitive moment .India want to resolve out this standoff and restore its position. This situation can be solved out by mutual agreements. But the point here is that what are the reasons behind this chinese incursion?
First of all look at the whole scenario , Jammu and Kashmir is a northernmost state of India bordering China in the east and Pakistan on the west side. Maharaja Hari Singh ruled J&K from 1925 to 1947. When India got freedom, there was condition for princely ruled states that they have right to opt for either Pakistan or India or remain independent. To be part of India, they had to sign the instrument of accession. Initially Maharaja Hari thought to remain independent, but in October 1947, some tribesman backed by Pakistan invaded Kashmir. Hari Singh asked for help from India. India gave help when Hari Singh signed "Instrument of Accession". From then onwards, J&K is part of India. After the Indo-Pakistan war(1965,1971) and Kargil war 1999, there were alterations in the territory occupied by India. Now India controls 60 percent of the Princely ruled state, 30%(Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir) is controlled by Pakistan and remaining 10%(i.e Aksai Chin) is controlled by China. Aksai Chin is administered by China since 1962, and road was built by China connecting Xinjiang to Tibet in 1955-56 which had led to border tensions and finally war of 1962. Now from the PoK, Pakistan ceded the Shaksgam Valley Region (Trans-Karakoram Tract) illegly in 1963 and then China started building its own infrastructure from Baltistan(in Pakistan) to Aksai Chin. This is the story of J&K.
What China strategy is to enter into some foreign territory, remain idle and occupy it for some time. After that when the situation calms, it develops infrastructure there and then claim that region to be part of its territory. That is how it occupied Aksai Chin. Chinese actually do not sign on the McCartney-Mcdonald border line agreement by British(1899) which draws a border line between India and China popularly called "McDonald Line"and China is claiming its area upto LAC.
After the Sino-Indo war(1962), there were two peace agreements between India and China regarding borders namely "Maintaining of Peace and Tranquility along the Line of Actual Control in the India-China Border Areas" in 1993 and "Confidence Building Measures in the Military Field along the Line of Actual Control in India-China Border Areas" in 1996. These would not have been possible if there were such major perceptional differences. So why then there is recent incursion into Daulet Beg Oldi Sector inside india crossing the LAC.
There are reasons behind it , it is not that China want to extend its boundaries. As this area is of no economic values, there must be some other reason behind this incursion. It is China's strategy part to establish communication to Iran via Pakistan. So following are some points by looking at which we will understand the chinese strategy :
First of all look at the whole scenario , Jammu and Kashmir is a northernmost state of India bordering China in the east and Pakistan on the west side. Maharaja Hari Singh ruled J&K from 1925 to 1947. When India got freedom, there was condition for princely ruled states that they have right to opt for either Pakistan or India or remain independent. To be part of India, they had to sign the instrument of accession. Initially Maharaja Hari thought to remain independent, but in October 1947, some tribesman backed by Pakistan invaded Kashmir. Hari Singh asked for help from India. India gave help when Hari Singh signed "Instrument of Accession". From then onwards, J&K is part of India. After the Indo-Pakistan war(1965,1971) and Kargil war 1999, there were alterations in the territory occupied by India. Now India controls 60 percent of the Princely ruled state, 30%(Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir) is controlled by Pakistan and remaining 10%(i.e Aksai Chin) is controlled by China. Aksai Chin is administered by China since 1962, and road was built by China connecting Xinjiang to Tibet in 1955-56 which had led to border tensions and finally war of 1962. Now from the PoK, Pakistan ceded the Shaksgam Valley Region (Trans-Karakoram Tract) illegly in 1963 and then China started building its own infrastructure from Baltistan(in Pakistan) to Aksai Chin. This is the story of J&K.
What China strategy is to enter into some foreign territory, remain idle and occupy it for some time. After that when the situation calms, it develops infrastructure there and then claim that region to be part of its territory. That is how it occupied Aksai Chin. Chinese actually do not sign on the McCartney-Mcdonald border line agreement by British(1899) which draws a border line between India and China popularly called "McDonald Line"and China is claiming its area upto LAC.
After the Sino-Indo war(1962), there were two peace agreements between India and China regarding borders namely "Maintaining of Peace and Tranquility along the Line of Actual Control in the India-China Border Areas" in 1993 and "Confidence Building Measures in the Military Field along the Line of Actual Control in India-China Border Areas" in 1996. These would not have been possible if there were such major perceptional differences. So why then there is recent incursion into Daulet Beg Oldi Sector inside india crossing the LAC.
There are reasons behind it , it is not that China want to extend its boundaries. As this area is of no economic values, there must be some other reason behind this incursion. It is China's strategy part to establish communication to Iran via Pakistan. So following are some points by looking at which we will understand the chinese strategy :
- Pakistan had ceded the Gilgit-Baltistan area to chinese secretly and already there are near about 7000 PLA soldiers there.
- China is building rail road from Gwadar port(Pakistan) to Xinjiang in China parallel to karakoram highway and also there is speculated construction of 22 tunnels along the rail route to establish gas pipelines from Iran to China.
- Besides the freedom of movement ,this area provided a buffer area between China and India's mainland.
- Also there will be route connectivity to Afghanistan where China had invested in Energy and Infrastructure.
It is unclear that why Indian troops had to withdraw from its boundaries when chinese were 19 km inside crossing LAC. The agreement between India and China in this dispute needs very thoughtful studies, we can't simply give our areas which are of strategic importance. Having faced this kind of instances, we can't give avenue for China as well as other countries to enter into our territory and freely occupy them. We need to integrate our Defence system because ITBP which was preserving our orders, acted late. The reason is that we do not have integrated defense system as ITBP is under MHA and our army is under MoD. We need to make our communication network strong and also build roads for strong connectivity. We have to learn lessons from this and quickly act upon it.
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